Concomitant Infection of S. mansoni and H. pylori Promotes Promiscuity of Antigen-Experienced Cells and Primes the Liver for a Lower Fibrotic Response

T cells to the liver. Unexpectedly, H. pylori co-infection resulted in partial protection from schistosome-induced liver damage. Here, we demonstrate that an increase in fibrosis-protective IL-13Ra2 is associated with H. pylori infection. Thus, our study strongly points to an immunological interaction of anatomically isolated pathogens, eventually resulting in altered disease pathology.