A Human Right to Access the Internet? Problems and Prospects

This article considers a proposed human right of Internet access. Internet access, with its range of political, economic, social and cultural uses, is essential for contemporary living. States are also committed to ensuring the Internet's universality, integrity and openness. General international law and international human rights law are examined for the existence and scope of a possible right. Internet access is currently a feature of several pre-existing rights, particularly the right to freedom of expression. Does Internet access warrant separate recognition? This article considers whether content should be restricted, and consent a prerequisite; whether payment is necessary; and whether certain individuals should be denied access. A right of Internet access must be balanced against other rights and competing interests including privacy, intellectual property protection and ensuring public order. Limitations or restrictions on access are permissible and disconnection is allowed for specific users provided prior procedural safeguards are met.