Instantaneous 4D seismic (i4D) for offshore water injection monitoring

“Instantaneous 4D (i4D)” is a new method which aims to acquire dedicated high-quality 4D data with short turnaround time at cost levels low enough to make it affordable to repeat such data acquisition programs reasonably frequently. This method enables monitoring of fast reservoir changes such as those occurring in the vicinity of water injection wells. The method does not replace conventional full-field 4D monitoring but is designed to fill in the interval between conventional surveys and balance long-term versus short-term monitoring needs. We expect this technology to become important in offshore hydrocarbon fields with rapid changes due to water injection.