Gender inequality and challenges of women in the construction industry: an evidenced-based analysis from China

Purpose This research aims to provide an evidence-based depiction of women’s participation and career progression in China’s construction industry, based on the analysis of the labour force data collected from the National Bureau of Statistics of China for the period 2010–2022 and a representative construction enterprise case study. Design/methodology/approach An overarching research method of case study with literature review, descriptive statistics, and literature comparison was implemented to achieve the research aim. Based on data-driven analysis, the theory of systemic, structural gender discrimination and inequality (SSGDI) is also systematically examined in the Chinese construction industry. Findings The study highlights significant gender inequality in China’s construction industry, with women under-represented in managerial and professional roles, facing higher recruitment standards, limited working hours, fewer promotion opportunities and difficulty attaining senior management positions despite higher educational attainment. The SSGDI in the construction industry has perpetuated gender bias, limiting the recruitment, promotion and recognition of women. Originality/value Based on critical evidence, this study examines SSGDI in the Chinese construction industry through theoretical lenses and data-driven analysis. It provides underlying evidence for the phenomenon and offers insights into women’s recruitment and career development in the male-dominated construction industry. The findings can inform gender equality policies and practices and promote gender equality in the construction industry in China and elsewhere.