Diagnosis of Malaria Using Double Hidden Layer Extreme Learning Machine Algorithm With CNN Feature Extraction and Parasite Inflator

Malaria, a life-threatening disease worldwide, can be diagnosed using antigen tests and microscopy tests. However, both of them are erroneous and time-consuming. Therefore, a trustworthy and fast early malaria prognosis infrastructure is required. In this age of machine learning (ML), there are several ML-based methods to do the task. This paper proposes an unorthodox method for malaria prognosis based on an extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm. In this regard, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), ELM, and double hidden layer (DELM) have been used as classifiers. A CNN model has been used as a feature extractor and also as a classifier to perform a comparative study. The derived features have been used to train ELM and DELM. Two versions of the malaria image dataset have been used: one is the original dataset, and the other is a modified dataset where ambiguous samples have been removed. The parasite inflator acts as the shape increaser of the small, darker malaria parasites in the RBC images in order to detect malaria easily. CNN-DELM has achieved a sanguine result on every performance standard compared to CNN and CNN-ELM. The proposed CNN-DELM method has achieved 97.79% and 99.66% accuracy for the original version and the modified version, respectively. Hence, the proposed CNN-DELM model has also produced either comparable or better results when compared to other methods proposed in the literature, showing its robustness in detecting malaria.