Abstract RecQ helicases are a conserved family of DNA-unwinding enzymes that play a key role in maintaining genomic stability by participating in DNA damage repair, recombination, replication, and telomere homeostasis. Five RecQ helicases are known in humans: BLM (the Bloom syndrome protein), WRN (Werner syndrome helicase), RECQL4, RECQL1, and RECQL5. All members of the RecQ family possess 3' → 5' helicase activity and are capable of unwinding DNA, including its complex secondary structures, in the 3'-to-5' direction by using the energy of ATP hydrolysis. WRN is unique among RecQ helicases in possessing additional 3' → 5' exonuclease activity, which expands its functionality in maintaining genomic stability. Mutations of the RecQ helicase genes lead to Werner, Bloom, and Rothmund–Thomson syndromes and are associated with a predisposition to cancer and premature aging. The enzymes consequently attract significant interest of the scientific community. Many viruses rely on host cell replication and repair mechanisms for their reproduction, and RecQ helicases may therefore influence the development of viral infections. The review discusses the role of RecQ helicases in replication of various viruses, including socially significant ones, such as the human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein–Barr virus, hepatitis C virus, and others.
Shchigal et al. (Mon,) studied this question.