Therapeutic applications of Clausena dentata-mediated silver/silver oxide nanoparticles

In the field of therapeutics, there is a need for a single product with additional properties in the area of medicine. The green synthesis of silver/silver oxide nanoparticles using the leaf extract of Clausena dentata, a medicinal plant that is rich in bioactive phytochemicals. The synthesized silver/silver oxide nanoparticles revealed that face-centered cubic structure and SEM images displayed spherical-shaped nanostructures with a size range from 15 to 40 nm. The biosynthesized nanoparticles show potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (12.02 ± 0.05 mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (12.03 ± 0.01 mm), and Enterococcus faecalis (13.19 ± 0.06 mm), compared to Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli (11.05 ± 0.04 mm), Pseudomonas fluorescens (10.19 ± 0.04 mm), and Vibrio cholerae (11.04 ± 0.04 mm)), indicating the interaction of nanoparticles with the bacterial cell wall and inhibiting the bacterial growth. The antioxidant potential of the nanoparticles was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays and shows dose-dependent inhibition with an IC50 value of 52.1 µg/ml. For DPPH, it also shows that as the concentration increases, it effectively reduces free radicals, with an IC50 value of 28.9 µg/ml, confirming that the nanoparticles are effective at neutralizing free radicals. In addition, the anticancer activity of C. dentata-mediated silver/silver oxide nanoparticles was evaluated on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. There is a strong ability to kill cancer cells, with more effectiveness as the dose increases, which enhances the potential of the nanoparticles for treating cancer. This study found the potential uses of Clausena dentata-mediated silver/silver oxide nanoparticles in antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer treatments.