Research advances in moving particle semi-implicit method and applications in ocean engineering

As a Lagrangian particle method, the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method has demonstrated distinct advantages in addressing problems involving large deformations of free surfaces and interfaces. This paper comprehensively reviews the MPS method, including its development, advancements, and applications within ocean engineering. The article focuses on the crucial aspects—stability, accuracy, and efficiency—that affect the application of numerical methods. Additionally, it summarizes an overview of the latest developments and technological frameworks for multiphase flow and fluid–structure interaction models. Regarding applications, this paper highlights the achievements and challenges of the MPS method in ocean engineering. Finally, the paper discusses the MPS method's current challenges and future research directions, offering valuable insights for advancing its development and application.