Botanically Derived Phytochemicals in Antimicrobial Spray Formulations: Mechanism, Strategies and Future Prospects

The need for alternate and sustainable treatment methods has increased due to the rising incidence of microbial diseases and the quick development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A wealth of bioactive phytochemicals with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing qualities can be found in medicinal plants. The benefits of spray-based topical formulations over traditional dose forms—such as ease of application, consistent distribution, better sanitation, and increased patient compliance—have drawn a lot of attention in recent years. The function of botanically derived phytochemicals in antimicrobial spray formulations is critically examined in this review, with a focus on the compounds' botanical origins, chemical makeup, antimicrobial action mechanisms, and formulation significance. There is a thorough discussion of well-known medicinal herbs such Syzygium aromaticum, Terminalia chebula, Ocimum sanctum, Aloe vera, Curcuma longa, and Azadirachta indica. Moreover, formulation strategies, benefits of plant-derived antimicrobial sprays, existing research deficiencies, and future possibilities are emphasized, highlighting the significance of combining traditional botanical knowledge with contemporary phytopharmaceutical technologies.