Ex Vivo Technical Skills Training Transfers to the Operating Room and Enhances Cognitive Learning

In Brief Background: Surgical training in the operating room includes acquiring technical skills and cognitive knowledge. Technical skills training on simulated models has been shown to improve technical performance in the operating room, and may also enhance the acquisition of other skills by freeing cognitive capacity. This has yet to be investigated. Methods: We conducted a single-blinded randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of ex vivo technical skills training on cognitive learning in the operating room. Eighteen novice surgical residents were randomized to 2 groups. All participants were taught the basics of fascial closure and performed 1 closure on a low fidelity synthetic model. Residents in the intervention group practiced on the models until technical proficiency was reached. Residents in the control group had no further contact with the models. All residents then performed a fascial closure on a patient in the operating room while listening to a script that contained relevant clinical information. A validated evaluation tool was used to assess the technical merit of the closure. Finally, all participants completed a multiple-choice test designed to test the information retained from the script. Results: The technical performance of the ex vivo trained group was significantly higher than that of the untrained group (P = 0.04). The ex vivo trained group also performed significantly better on the cognitive retention test (P = 0.03). Conclusions: Technical skills training using a low fidelity synthetic simulator resulted in improved technical performance in the operating room, and enhanced the ability of residents to attend to cognitive components of surgical expertise. Technical skills training on inanimate models can improve technical performance in the operating room and may enhance cognitive learning by freeing attention. This has yet to be investigated. We demonstrate that residents who trained on a simulator showed improved technical ability (p = 0.04) and cognitive learning (p = 0.03) in the operating room.