An immaterial depth-fused 3D display

We present an immaterial display that uses a generalized form of depth-fused 3D (DFD) rendering to create unencumbered 3D visuals. To accomplish this result, we demonstrate a DFD display simulator that extends the established depth-fused 3D principle by using screens in arbitrary configurations and from arbitrary viewpoints. The performance of the generalized DFD effect is established with a user study using the simulator. Based on these results, we developed a prototype display using two immaterial screens to create an unencumbered 3D visual that users can penetrate, enabling the potential for direct walk-through and reach-through manipulation of the 3D scene.