Commercial status of thin-film photovoltaic devices and materials

We present a review of commercial thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technologies and products. After a brief introduction of recent dynamics in the on-grid PV market, we provide an overview of commercial thin-film silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium diselenide, and organic PV modules - including representative efficiencies, deposition processes, module form factors, and nominal production capacities available for production today. Finally, we discuss the technical, production, and market targets of thin-film PV module developers.