Traffic Congestion and Impact on the Environment in Vietnam: Development of Public Transport System - Experience from Actual Operation of Bus in Hanoi

Rapid urbanization has led to a boom in travel demand. With high population density and urban structure, big cities in Vietnam, especially Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, are facing major challenges in urban transport such as traffic jams, accidents, environmental pollution, etc. One of the important factors that can help to solve these problems is to attract people to travel by public transport, firstly by bus and then moving forwards to fast-paced public transport such as a Bus Rapid Transit, Metro. Through analyzing the surveys about bus systems in Hanoi, this study presents some assessments and suggestions, contributing to the development of the public transport system in Hanoi.