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June 10, 20260 citationsOpen Access

The Expansion Freedom Principle v6.1: Intrinsic Expansion Acceleration of Matter, Force as Illusion, and the Cosmic Turing Pattern

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JMJongJin Ma

Key Points

  • This study aims to present the sixth version of the Expansion Freedom Principle, which posits that everything in the universe seeks maximum expansion.
  • Introduces a framework with a single axiom that describes intrinsic expansion of matter.
  • Analyzes galactic rotation curves and cosmic expansion patterns using the derived formula a_matter(r).
  • Establishes a new understanding of gravity as a differential expansion acceleration rather than an attractive force.
  • Derives the formula a_matter(r) that unifies various motion aspects without needing dark matter.
  • Identifies cosmic expansion as intrinsically accelerating and compatible across all inertial frames.
  • Successfully reproduces the observed Baryon Acoustic Oscillation scale of approximately 150 Mpc based on early universe conditions.

Abstract

This preprint presents the sixth major iteration of the Expansion Freedom Principle, a single-axiom framework in which everything seeks to expand as freely as possible. Building on v6. 0, four major advances are developed. First, the intrinsic expansion acceleration of matter is derived: aₘatter (r) = H²r − GM/Aₑff (r) This single formula unifies Keplerian orbital motion, galactic flat rotation curves, Galilean inertia, and Hubble flow. The transition scale rbalance = (GM/H²) ^ (1/3) is verified against observation: approximately 0. 1 pc for the solar system (Oort cloud boundary) and approximately 0. 4 Mpc for galaxies. Second, gravity is reinterpreted as perceived differential expansion acceleration between space and matter — not an attractive force. Mass and gravity are identified as two measurements of the same underlying binding force, making the equivalence principle a necessity rather than an axiom. Flat galactic rotation curves are identified as inertial motion along aₘatter = 0 contours, requiring no dark matter. Third, a new independent argument establishes that cosmic expansion is intrinsically acceleration in character: all inertial observers agree on the Hubble expansion rate, which is only consistent if it has the character of acceleration rather than velocity. Newton's law of gravitation is recovered as a special case in the local limit where H²r ≪ GM/r². Fourth, the large-scale structure of the universe is identified as a Turing reaction-diffusion pattern, with matter as the slow activator and cosmic voids as the fast inhibitor. The expansion speed ratio vᵥoid/vₘatter ≈ 1500 far exceeds the Turing instability threshold. The Turing characteristic wavelength computed from early-universe conditions reproduces the observed Baryon Acoustic Oscillation scale of approximately 150 Mpc without free parameters. Unlike classical Turing systems which require initial fluctuations, this framework drives pattern formation through expansion itself — no special initial conditions are required. A category error underlying the dark matter hypothesis is identified: the relative acceleration framework valid at Newtonian scales (where H²r₁ ≈ H²r₂) was incorrectly applied to galactic scales (where H²r₁ ≠ H²r₂), causing the uncompensated H²Δr term to be misidentified as missing mass. Dark matter is the Aₑff geometric correction term misidentified as a physical substance. A rigorous derivation of the Einstein field equations from this framework is left as future work.

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Cite This Study

JongJin Ma (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2900b26f82f25be989d23ahttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20594311
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