Early detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) remains a major challenge due to delayed diagnosis and the limitations of conventional screening approaches. The stagnation in overall survival rates is largely attributed to late-stage detection and the subtle clinical presentation of early lesions. Detecting molecular aberrations early is critical for improving prognosis and reducing mortality. Saliva, a readily accessible biofluid, has emerged as a promising medium for detecting these early molecular changes. Salivary liquid biopsy, empowered by advanced multi-omic technologies, offers a comprehensive, non-invasive alternative. This platform is capable of capturing tumour-derived alterations across multiple molecular layers, including genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and microbiomic alterations. This narrative overview synthesizes current evidence on salivary multi-omics in OSCC, highlights clinically significant biomarker classes, outlines methodological considerations, and discusses translational implications for precision oral oncology. The integration of these diverse molecular signals promises the development of transformative diagnostic tools Keywords: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), Salivary Liquid Biopsy, Multi-Omics.
Snehal Kailash Yerne (Sat,) studied this question.