Development and Evaluation of Polyherbal Anti-Acne Nanogel Incorporating Azadirachta Indica, Aloe Barbadensis, and Rubia Cordifolia

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder caused by excessive sebum production, bacterial growth, and inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate a polyherbal anti-acne nanogel incorporating extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis), and Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia). These medicinal plants possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties that are beneficial in acne management. Herbal nanoparticles were synthesized using a green synthesis method and incorporated into a Carbopol-based gel formulation to enhance skin penetration and therapeutic efficacy. Three formulations (B1, B2, and B3) were prepared and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, in-vitro drug release, and antimicrobial activity. The prepared nanogels exhibited acceptable physicochemical properties with pH values suitable for topical application and good stability. Among the formulations, batch B2 showed the most desirable characteristics, including optimum viscosity (2843 cP), spreadability (27.33 g·cm/s), and extrudability (100 g/cm²). In-vitro diffusion studies demonstrated sustained drug release, reaching 57.9% within 120 minutes. Antimicrobial evaluation revealed significant antibacterial activity, with formulation B2 producing the highest zone of inhibition (22 mm) against acne-associated microorganisms. The results indicate that the developed polyherbal nanogel is a promising, safe, and effective alternative to conventional anti-acne treatments, offering enhanced therapeutic efficacy, controlled drug release, and reduced risk of side effects.