Elevated Prevalence of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in Urban versus Rural Environments in the United Kingdom

Azole resistance in the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus is increasing, dominated primarily by the following two environmentally associated resistance alleles: TR 34 /L98H and TR 46 /Y121F/T289A. By sampling soils across the South of England, we assess the prevalence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus (AR Af ) in samples collected in both urban and rural locations.