As of 2025, Hanoi’s population exceeded 8.7 million, representing approximately 8.59% of the national population. The city’s urbanization rate increased from 36.8% in 1999 to 41.0% in 2009 and 49.2% in 2019, and is projected to reach approximately 63% by 2025 and nearly 70% by 2035. Rapid population growth coupled with accelerated urbanization has placed substantial pressure on urban housing systems. In response, social housing construction projects have become a crucial policy instrument for addressing the escalating demand for affordable housing. However, these projects are inherently exposed to risks throughout the construction investment processing. This paper aims to identify and categorize the potential risks associated with the social housing construction projects. The expert method was used based on structured interviews with 26 experts from investors, contractors, and construction investment consulting firms. The results identified 23 risks throughout the social housing investment process, including 5 risks occurring during the project preparation phase, 16 risks occurring during the project implementation phase, and 2 risks occurring during the post-construction phase, when the project is put into operation.
Nguyen et al. (Mon,) studied this question.