Hybrid Warfare Legal Gaps. The Evolution of Hybrid Warfare: Disinformation and Grey Zone Operations Beyond International Law

Puntos clave

• This research examines how traditional definitions of war and peace under international law fail to encompass hybrid warfare practices.
• Reviewed existing literature on hybrid warfare and international law.
• Analyzed the Tallinn Manual 2.0 framework against contemporary threats.
• Identified gaps in legal frameworks regarding cyber and Grey Zone operations.
• Hybrid warfare tactics often do not meet the threshold of an 'armed attack'.
• States exploit these legal ambiguities to bypass international rules on sovereignty.
• The lack of legal repercussions enables unauthorized interventions in conflicts.