A systematic review of navigating the digital frontier: attitudes, barriers, and facilitators of technology adoption among older adults

Older adults’ intention to adopt digital technologies including communication, information, entertainment, and health-related tools such as mobile health and smart home systems has been widely studied. However, the lack of an integrated framework that explains how multiple factors interact to shape adoption. This study addresses this gap through a systematic review of 59 articles, synthesizing evidence across diverse theoretical perspectives. The findings show that technology adoption among older adults is shaped by the interaction of multiple factors rather than isolated determinants. Perceived value and usefulness emerge as the primary drivers, particularly when technologies address tangible needs. In contrast, perceived risks, technological anxiety, and internalized ageism act as significant barriers. Multi-layered support systems including technical assistance, peer and intergenerational support, and professional guidance, play a critical enabling role in overcoming these challenges. Based on these findings, this study develops an integrated framework conceptualizing technology adoption as a dynamic socio-technical process shaped by value, risk, support, individual, and contextual factors. This perspective moves beyond one-size-fits-all approaches by highlighting how these interdependent components influence engagement. The findings emphasize the need to move beyond usability toward human-centered and co-design approaches that prioritize personalization, trust-building, and integration within existing social and care ecosystems. These insights contribute to the operationalization of Smart Healthy Age-Friendly Environments (SHAFE) by demonstrating how technology adoption emerges from interactions between individual, social, and systemic factors. Ultimately, the goal is not only digital inclusion but also the enhancement of the quality of life among aging populations.