This paper redefines black holes and voids within the gravitational barrier and geometric relaxation framework. Black holes are redefined as localized regions where geometric strain has reached its saturation value = 1. 0. Voids are a terminal state naturally derived from the geometric relaxation equation—they are not an externally introduced concept, but rather the necessary solution given by the geometric relaxation equation itself when 0. The logical derivation of this paper is as follows: the geometric relaxation equation describes the convergence of all geometric structures toward zero strain; black holes, as strain saturation states (= 1. 0), must necessarily reach = 0 at the end of their evolution; this terminal state is defined in this paper as a void. Therefore, voids are not structures identified from astronomical observations, but rather the terminal solution of the geometric relaxation equation. This paper establishes a complete mathematical description of black hole evolution, derives the geometric relaxation time constant of black holes, the horizon position, the relationship between Hawking radiation power and strain release rate, and provides testable numerical predictions. Four explicit falsifiability conditions are also provided. (Note on AI-Assisted Computation Certain mathematical derivations and physical calculations in this paper were performed by an AI tool (large language model) based on the theoretical framework and postulate system provided by the author. Specifically, the AI tool contributed to: formula derivation, equation solving, integral evaluation, series summation, and recalculation verification of established quantum mechanical results. All physical insights, core assumptions, logical premises, and the theoretical framework itself were independently developed by the author. The AI tool served solely as an auxiliary instrument for mathematical derivation and computational verification, comparable in role to symbolic computation software or numerical tools routinely employed by researchers. The author has reviewed every derived result for physical plausibility, consistency with known experimental data, and logical coherence, and assumes full responsibility for all conclusions. This statement is provided in the interest of academic transparency, while clearly distinguishing between the originality of ideas and the auxiliary role of computation. )
Yanlei Liu (Sun,) studied this question.