Evaluating quality of compressed medical images: SNR, subjective rating, and diagnostic accuracy

Compressing a digital image can facilitate its transmission, storage, and processing. As radiology departments become increasingly digital, the quantities of their imaging data are forcing consideration of compression in picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) and evolving teleradiology systems. Significant compression is achievable only by lossy algorithms, which do not permit the exact recovery of the original image. This loss of information renders compression and other image processing algorithms controversial because of the potential loss of quality and consequent problems regarding liability, but the technology must be considered because the alternative is delay, damage, and loss in the communication and recall of the images. How does one decide if an image is good enough for a specific application, such as diagnosis, recall, archival, or educational use? The authors describe three approaches to the measurement of medical image quality: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), subjective rating, and diagnostic accuracy. They compare and contrast these measures in a particular application, consider in some depth recently developed methods for determining diagnostic accuracy of lossy compressed medical images and examine how good the easily obtainable distortion measures like SNR are at predicting the more expensive subjective and diagnostic ratings. The examples are of medical images compressed using predictive pruned tree-structured vector quantization, but the methods can be used for any digital image processing that produces images different from the original for evaluation.>