Validation of Scores on the Homework Management Scale for High School Students

The purpose of this study is to test the validity of scores on the Homework Management Scale (HMS) using 681 rural and 306 urban high school students. Based on a randomized split of the rural sample, the author first conducts exploratory factor analysis on Group 1 (n = 341) and confirmatory factor analysis on Group 2 (n = 340). The results reveal that the HMS comprises five separate yet related factors: arranging environment, managing time, handling distraction, monitoring motivation, and controlling emotion. This factor structure is cross-validated with the data from the urban sample (Group 3). The study finds an adequate level of configural, factor loading, common error covariance, and intercept invariance between Group 2 and Group 3.