Research on Welding Defect Classification Methods Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

To address the issues of low detection and identification rates and inaccurate classification of welding defects, this paper proposes a welding defect classification method based on convolutional neural networks. By modifying the ResNet101 backbone network and incorporating a multi-head attention mechanism (MHA), the method enhances the focus on regions of interest in welding defect images, thereby improving the ability to extract defect features. This approach reduces the chances of missed detections and false positives. By analyzing the effects of different optimizers and dynamic factors on recall (M) and precision (N), the optimal optimizer and dynamic factor are identified. The algorithm is validated on the JPEGWD dataset. Experimental results show that the recall (M) reaches 0.9634, representing a 4.88% improvement, and the precision (N) reaches 0.9875, representing a 3.81% improvement. The mean average precision (mAP) is 0.9817, reflecting a 5.98% improvement. These results effectively enhance the recognition rate of welding defects and reduce the probability of missed detections and false positives.