Literary Criticism Methods in National and Cultural Structure

Criticism stands as a much debated concept today. Although there is not a standard method that is used by everyone, there are different approaches to criticism. In this study, Turkish criticism was examined in two categories as the Ottoman and modern Republic of Turkey. It is seen that criticism methods are different in these periods. In the Ottoman period, criticism was made by the palace poets. In this period, there was a method of criticism different from the western critique and based entirely on Ottoman culture. Turkish literature, which met the Modern West in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, develops and progresses very differently than before. Turkish criticism changes in this process. The criticisms and new approaches applied in Turkish culture and art are listed in this study. Critical methods varying from culture to culture and its reflections in Turkish literature are examined in this article. In addition to these, criticism theories were examined and criticism theories valid in the world today were reviewed. In addition, the relation of criticism with the science of history is emphasized. Additionally, the discussions on criticism are listed in this study.