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January 26, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Beyond Probabilistic Safety: A Deterministic Regime-Geometry Theory of AI Collapse, Hallucination, and GA-Time Dynamics

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LNLouis Nguyen

Key Points

  • The paper aims to establish a geometric framework for understanding failures in AI systems, challenging probabilistic models.
  • Analyzed fifteen years of AI development across various paradigms like deep learning and reinforcement learning.
  • Introduced mathematical structures such as Geometry-Attached Time and the Time Stack to model AI behavior.
  • Investigated the stability of admissible regions in AI systems to explain behavioral transitions.
  • Identified a consistent pattern of coherent operation followed by abrupt behavior changes in AI systems.
  • Demonstrated that failures such as hallucination and reward hacking arise from deterministic geometric transitions rather than noise.
  • Proposed a common mechanism explaining failures across large AI systems.

Abstract

This work proposes a unified geometric foundation for understanding modern AI failures, showing that hallucination, contradiction, drift, adversarial fragility, reward hacking, policy flips, and multimodal collapse arise not from probabilistic noise but from deterministic transitions in admissible geometry. Tracing fifteen years of AI development—from deep learning and representation learning to transformers, reinforcement learning, and multimodal agentic systems—the paper reveals a consistent pattern: systems operate coherently until their underlying admissible region becomes unstable, at which point behavior collapses abruptly into a different structural regime. Building on evolving-domain geometry and inspired by geometric mechanics, the work introduces Geometry-Attached Time (τ̃) and the Time Stack as core mathematical structures explaining why modern AI systems exhibit discontinuous transitions and why probabilistic safety frameworks fail to capture them. This deterministic perspective provides a common mechanism for the most persistent and widely observed failures in large AI systems.

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Cite This Study

Louis Nguyen (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/697703af722626c4468e8b0bhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18363807
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