AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative forces of the 21st century, reshaping industries and fundamentally changing how individuals interact with technology. Within the educational sector, AI has transitioned from a theoretical concept to an active agent of systemic change in schools, learning systems, and academic research institutions worldwide. This comprehensive review examines the multifaceted impact of AI on education through a structured analysis of empirical literature, implementation frameworks, and emerging challenges. The study synthesizes evidence regarding AI’s contributions to personalized learning, administrative efficiency, assessment systems, and accessibility for diverse learners. Simultaneously, it addresses critical challenges including algorithmic bias, privacy concerns, surveillance risks, and ethical implications of large-scale AI deployment in educational settings. Through systematic analysis, this research demonstrates that when implemented with deliberate safeguards and human oversight, AI possesses significant potential to enhance educational equity, effectiveness, and student-centered learning approaches. However, realizing this potential requires sustained commitment to human-centered design principles, transparent governance frameworks, and continued educator agency in pedagogical decision-making. This article provides actionable recommendations for educators, policymakers, and technology developers to navigate the complex landscape of AI integration while prioritizing student welfare, educational integrity and social justice.
Ritvik Patro (2025) studied this question.
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