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The present study evaluated alternative treatments for children (N = 112, ages 7-13) referred for severe antisocial behavior. Children were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: problem-solving skills training (PSST), problem-solving skills training with in vivo practice (PSST-P), which included therapeutically planned activities to extend training to settings outside of treatment, or client-centered relationship therapy (RT). PSST and PSST-P children showed significantly greater reductions in antisocial behavior and overall behavior problems, and greater increases in prosocial behavior than RT children. These effects were evident on measures obtained immediately after treatment and at a 1-year follow-up, and on measures of child performance at home and at school. PSST-P children showed greater changes than PSST children on measures of functioning at school at posttreatment, but these differences were no longer evident at follow-up. Children in both PSST conditions showed significant reductions in deviant behavior and improvements in prosocial behavior from pretreatment to follow-up, whereas RT children tended to remain at their pretreatment level of functioning. Notwithstanding the significant improvements, comparisons with nonclinic (normative) samples revealed that the majority of youth remained outside of the normal range of deviant behavior. Possible directions for improving treatment for antisocial youth are highlighted.
Kazdin et al. (1989) studied this question.