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May 27, 20260 citationsOpen Access

The YangMills Mass Gap as Topological Necessity

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GKGereon Kraemer

Key Points

  • This work aims to prove the existence of a positive mass gap in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory, arising from topological characteristics.
  • Utilized the SO(3,3) framework for analysis.
  • Examined continuous gauge-field dynamics alongside discrete spectrum characteristics.
  • Analyzed the implications of compact Riemannian manifold properties on the theory.
  • Established a positive mass gap (Delta = m_1 > 0) in pure Yang-Mills theory.
  • Showed that the denial of the mass gap contradicts the identity between the continuous and discrete modes.
  • Demonstrated that the existence of the mass gap is a topological necessity, derived from compactness and ellipticity.

Abstract

We prove the existence of a positive mass gap Delta = m₁ > 0 in pure SU (N) Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions. The argument proceeds within the SO (3, 3) framework: Yang-Mills theory arises as the four-dimensional projection of the Self-Grounding Equation, a six-dimensional matrix model with signature (3, 3). The three omega-axes (positive signature, e-mode) produce the continuous gauge-field dynamics; the three sigma-axes (negative signature, phi-mode) compactify on the Poincare homology sphere P3 = S3/2I*. On a compact Riemannian manifold, the Laplacian has a discrete spectrum with a strictly positive first eigenvalue. This discreteness is not an approximation but a topological necessity: it follows from the compactness of P3 and the ellipticity of the Laplacian. The mass gap is therefore the phi-mode shadow of the sigma-sector compactification — a constitutive feature of the theory, not a dynamical accident. We show that the denial of the mass gap contradicts the identity between the e-mode description (continuous gauge fields on R4) and the phi-mode description (discrete spectrum from compactification), and is therefore self-refuting.

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Cite This Study

Gereon Kraemer (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a168b160c924ddd1bd59e9chttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20380969
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