COCM Among Oscillatory Cosmologies: A Discriminant Based on Frequency Fixation and Observable Space

The Concentric Orbital Cosmological Model (COCM) predicts an oscillatory modulation of the Hubble rate H(z) at fixed frequency ωz = 11.1991. Several independent analyses have reported oscillatory signals in cosmological data, including oscillations in the cosmic scale factor (Ringermacher–Mead), in AGN redshifts (Wheeler/OzDES), and in the dark energy equation of state w(z). This paper identifies the methodological position of the COCM among these alternatives. The discriminant is not merely the presence or absence of oscillations, but two structural features: the oscillation frequency is fixed from first principles prior to data fitting, and the oscillation operates in H(z) space rather than in w(z) or the scale factor. These two features jointly place the COCM in a methodologically distinct class among the oscillatory cosmologies considered here, with a falsifiable prediction that does not depend on any phenomenologically chosen periodicity.