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This summary document was developed to assist in the selection of vehicle detection and surveillance technologies that support traffic management and traveler information services. Included are descriptions of common types of vehicle detection and surveillance technologies in terms of theory of operation, installation methods advantages and disadvantages,and summary information about performance in clear and inclement weather and relative cost. Under intrusive technologies, the following are described: pneumatic road tube inductive loop detectors, piezoelectric sensors, magnetic sensors, and weigh in motion (WIM). In the non-intrusive category, these technologies are described: video image processor, microwave radar infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and passive acoustic array sensors. Following each technology description is vendor-provided information about specific sensor models, their functions and applications, users,and installation and maintenance costs
Mimbela et al. (2000) studied this question.