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June 2, 20260 citationsOpen Access

What if the Schwarzschild Sign Change is Physical? From Geometry to Physics in a Fully Complexified (3+1) Spacetime

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GWGuido Widman

Key Points

  • This paper investigates the physical implications of the sign change at the Schwarzschild horizon, proposing a fully complexified (3+1) spacetime model.
  • Developed a geometric framework using complex coordinates and Kähler structure.
  • Derived fundamental physics concepts like special relativity and the Heisenberg uncertainty relation from geometric parameters.
  • Calculated the complete particle spectrum of the Standard Model with fixed parameters from the geometry.
  • Successfully reproduced ∼43 quantitative observables with deviations no greater than 6%.
  • Predicted a remnant spin for binary black-hole mergers testable with future LIGO observations.
  • Identified a neutrino luminosity gap in core-collapse supernovae consistent with historical data.

Abstract

Abstract. The sign change of coordinates at the Schwarzschild horizon is usually treated as a coordinate artefact. This paper treats it as a physical process and follows the consequences. The resulting spacetime is (3+1) C: three complex spatial coordinates zk = xk +iwk (expanded real parts, com pact imaginary parts on S³) and one complex time τ = t+iσ (macroscopic real part, compact Euclidean Hawking circle). From the Kähler structure of this spacetime and a single geometric parameter — the Berger deformation ε = 1. 01027, fixed by the electron mass — all of fundamental physics follows without additional postulates. Part II derives, before any particle content is specified: the Heisenberg uncertainty relation (from the Kähler form ω = dx ∧ dw), special relativity (as holomorphic symmetry of τ = t + iσ), the dispersion relation E2 =p²c² + m₀² c⁴ (as the Pythagorean theorem of the ¯∂-norm), inertia and E = mc² (as Cauchy–Riemann mismatch resistance), confinement energy (as the temporal dual of the same Cauchy–Riemann mismatch), the equivalence principle mi = mg (as a det/tr identity), Einstein’s field equations (from Lovelock uniqueness), the fine-structure constant (from the Sasaki contact structure), and Bose–Einstein condensation and superconductivity (from compact-state coherence under the holomorphic Lorentz boost). Part III derives the complete particle spectrum: the gauge group SU (3) × SU (2) × U (1), the charge, colour, and chirality structure of the Standard Model, three fermion generations (topological; fourth excluded), matter/antimatter distinction, all fermion and boson masses, the electroweak mixing parameters, the CKM matrix (all 9 elements within 4, 5%, including the CP-violating phase), the proton mass, and a complete dark-matter sector (mass spectrum, abundance, vanishing direct-detection cross section — all from the horizon flip, no new fields). In total, ∼43 quantitative observables are reproduced with a maximum deviation of 6% for geometric quantities and 1. 3% for masses; downstream quantities (lifetimes, couplings, nuclear binding) agree to ≤3% after propagating framework-internal corrections — a self-consistency test that numerology cannot pass. Three independent determinations of ε (from me, mH, and MP) agree to 130 ppm. The framework makes falsifiable predictions: a mass-ratio-independent remnant spin a∗ (q) ≈ 0. 69 for binary black-hole mergers (testable with LIGO O4/O5), r = 0 exactly (testable with CMB-S4), and a neutrino luminosity gap in core-collapse supernovae (retro-consistent with SN1987A to 3%). The Kähler structure is not an addition to the Standard Model — it is its geometric origin. The Standard Model is the R3, 1-projection of a (3+1) C geometry.

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Cite This Study

Guido Widman (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1e738130b38c64201b68e3https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20473070
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