Extracellular vesicles derived from healthy adipose tissue regulate metabolic homeostasis and tissue recovery, whereas those from obese adipose tissue promote inflammation, insulin resistance, and cancer progression.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles containing bioactive molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids that mediate intercellular and inter-organ communications, holding promise as potential therapeutics for multiple diseases. Adipose tissue (AT) serves as a dynamically distributed energy storage organ throughout the body, whose accumulation leads to obesity, a condition characterized by infiltration with abundant immune cells. Emerging evidence has illustrated that EVs secreted by AT are the novel class of adipokines that regulate the homeostasis between AT and peripheral organs. However, most of the studies focused on the investigations of EVs derived from adipocytes or adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), the summarization of functions in cellular and inter-organ crosstalk of EVs directly derived from adipose tissue (AT-EVs) are still limited. Here, we provide a systemic summary on the key components and functions of EVs derived from healthy adipose tissue, showing their significance on the tissue recovery and metabolic homeostasis regulation. Also, we discuss the harmful influences of EVs derived from obese adipose tissue on the distal organs. Furthermore, we elucidate the potential applications and constraints of EVs from healthy patients lipoaspirates as therapeutic agents, highlighting the potential of AT-EVs as a valuable biological material with broad prospects for future clinical use.
Han et al. (2024) conducted a review in Obesity and related metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (AT-EVs) was evaluated. Extracellular vesicles derived from healthy adipose tissue regulate metabolic homeostasis and tissue recovery, whereas those from obese adipose tissue promote inflammation, insulin resistance, and cancer progression.