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This study presents new hole-transport materials (HTMs) to replace the central spiro linkage in spiro-OMeTAD by a CC bond in H11 and CC double bond in H12. This structural change results in a facile synthetic process and a significant change in the molecular geometry. Employing H11 as HTM in combination with mixed ion perovskite HC(NH2)20.85(CH3NH3)0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3, gives a solar cell power conversion efficiency of 19.8%.
Zhang et al. (2016) studied this question.