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nanospheres via Ostwald ripening under hydrothermal conditions. Inner nanospace and highly organized crystallites in the shell structure and surface regions can be created with a wide range of controlling parameters. The formation mechanism has been investigated with TEM/ED/SEM/EDX/XRD/XPS methods. The approach shows a high versatility for structural engineering of various targeted morphological products, including inner material refills.
Yang et al. (2004) studied this question.