This study presents a quantum electrodynamics (QED) framework that explains 1 the anomalous behavior of liquid water. The theory posits that water consists of two 2 coexisting phases: a coherent phase, in which molecules form phase-locked coherence 3 domains (CDs), and an incoherent phase that behaves like a dense van der Waals fluid. By 4 solving polynomial-type equations, we derive key thermodynamic properties, including the 5 minima in the isobaric heat capacity per particle (IHCP) and the isothermal compressibility, 6 as well as the divergent behavior observed near 228K. The theory also accounts for water’s 7 high static dielectric constant. These results emerge from first-principles QED, integrating 8 quantum coherence with macroscopic thermodynamics. The framework offers a unified 9 explanation for water’s anomalies and has implications for biological systems, materials 10 science, and fundamental physics. Future work will extend the theory to include phase 11 transitions, solute interactions, and the freezing process.
Ninno et al. (Wed,) studied this question.