In recent years, the southern Iraqi marshlands have undergone multiple restoration efforts aimed at reversing ecological degradation caused by extensive human intervention. Studies report a 60% decline in open water coverage and up to a 40% reduction in vegetation during prolonged droughts between 2000 and 2015, compared to pre-drought conditions. This review evaluates the effectiveness of marshland restoration and land use dynamics by employing Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and field surveys, with a particular focus on drought periods and subsequent recovery initiatives. This work offers a strategic framework to support decision-makers in combating land degradation and fostering ecological resilience. Despite some progress, significant challenges remain, underscoring the need for coordinated national and international efforts to achieve sustainable restoration outcomes.
Dakhil et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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