Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory impairment, and behavioral dysfunction. Despite decades of research, there is currently no cure, and available treatment options remain limited in efficacy. Conventional pharmacotherapies—such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors—often fail to achieve therapeutic outcomes due to their poor ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in suboptimal drug concentrations within the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, long-term administration of these agents is associated with poor patient compliance and adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity. In recent years, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have emerged as promising strategies for enhancing the therapeutic management of AD. These systems offer the potential to improve pharmacokinetics, facilitate targeted delivery across the BBB, and reduce systemic toxicity. A wide array of nanocarriers—including nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, and hydrogels—have been investigated for their utility in CNS drug delivery. While preclinical studies demonstrate encouraging outcomes, the translation of nanoparticle-based therapies into clinical application for AD remains in its early stages. Further research is needed to address challenges such as nanoparticle biocompatibility, long-term safety, and large-scale manufacturing. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems for Alzheimer’s disease, highlighting current advances, key challenges, and future directions in this evolving field.
Mishra et al. (Fri,) studied this question.