Opportunities and challenges in achieving a functional cure for HIV

Abstract The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic poses a significant threat to global human health annually. Although antiretroviral therapy can control HIV viremia and delay disease progression, it cannot eliminate the viral reservoir. People living with HIV must rely on antiretroviral medication for their entire lifetime. HIV establishes a persistent viral latent reservoir, which remains an enormous challenge in eradicating HIV infection. With advancements in HIV research, many strategies have emerged to target cells harboring latent HIV. A functional cure for HIV has been proposed as a promising and pragmatic strategic objective. In this review, we provide an overview of current strategies and the latest research progress in the field of HIV cure development, highlighting the opportunities and challenges associated with finding a functional cure for HIV.