This study examined the effect of sustainable intensification (SI) technologies, specifically the use of improved maize seed varieties, of improved bean seed varieties (Nua45), crop rotation, maize-legume intercropping and doubled-up legume systems on farm income in Dedza district, Malawi. A Multistage sampling method was applied to sample 330 smallholder farmers. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to assess the causal effect of SI adoption on farm income. The results from the PSM analysis reveal that adoption of SI practices increased farm income by MWK 35 424. 32 (US 48. 45) per 0. 57 hectares in 2020. Based on the findings, the study recommends increased investment in agricultural extension services through the recruitment and training of more extension officers in rural areas to enhance farmers’ access to timely and practical knowledge of SI technologies. In addition, the development and scaling-up of affordable credit schemes, such as input loans and microfinance packages tailored to smallholders, are essential to facilitate the uptake of improved seed and other SI-related inputs. Lastly, strengthening market linkages through the promotion of farmer cooperatives and contract farming arrangements is key to ensure access to quality inputs at fair prices and to secure reliable markets for produce.
Maviko et al. (2025) studied this question.