The demographic situation in Ukraine, characterized by low birth rate and negative dynamics of population change, is of significant concern. A important contribution to the female reproductive system disorders is made by tumor formations of the female reproductive organs, which occupy a special place in the structure of gynecological morbidity. The absence of specific clinical and diagnostic markers for benign neoplasms, the latent course and the low frequency of ovarian cancer diagnosis in the early stages, determine not only the medical, but also the social relevance of the problem of ovarian neoplasms.The objective: to summarize information on modern clinical and diagnostic aspects of ovarian neoplasm management.Materials and methods. Analysis of modern scientific publications on the problem of ovarian neoplasms in Internet, PubMed was conducted.Results. In the structure of gynecological morbidity among all tumors of the reproductive organs, ovarian neoplasms occupy the second place. Benign forms on average make up 75–80% of all true ovarian tumors. The goal of management is to actively identify risk groups for the occurrence of malignant ovarian tumors. The high-risk group includes women with mutations with a proven risk of hereditary ovarian cancer, a burdened family history of ovarian, endometrial, colon, breast cancer and the detection of ultrasound signs of ovarian malignancy. The moderate-risk group is characterized by the presence in the anamnesis of a malignant neoplasm of extraovarian localization, the detection of a volumetric ovarian cystic structure in postmenopause, a combination of two or more risk factors. The low-risk group includes the general population.Tumorous ovarian formations include follicular cysts, corpus luteum cysts, endometriomas, paraovarian formations. Follicular and luteal cysts are classified as functional ovarian cysts, which are characterized by a transient course and a tendency to spontaneous regression. Risk factors for ovarian neoplasms include a decreased number of pregnancies and births, which leads to “continuous ovulation”, infertility, stimulation of ovulation in programs of in vitro fertilization, ovarian endometriomas, unilateral oophorectomy, pelvic inflammatory diseases, early or late menarche, early or late menopause, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus.Conclusions. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms is one of the most urgent and complex clinical tasks both from the standpoint of preventing possible complications that require emergency inpatient qualified medical care, and timely assessment of the risk of malignant process. Excessive radicalism and unreasonable volume of surgical interventions in patients of reproductive age with benign ovarian tumors adversely affect the ovarian reserve and significantly increase the risk of developing premature ovarian failure.
Pyrohova et al. (Thu,) studied this question.