What type of study is this?

This is a Observational study (also classified as: Genomic Analysis).

September 5, 2025Open Access

Multiclonal dissemination of ptxP3 allele macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis in Okinawa, Japan

Key Points

Eighteen macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis strains were isolated, indicating a significant resistance issue in Okinawa.
Strains shared genetic similarities with global counterparts but were distinct with at least eight SNPs between clusters.
Genomic analysis performed on isolated strains highlighted the complex dissemination pattern of the ptxP3 allele.
The study provides crucial insights into the ongoing pertussis epidemic, demanding attention for public health strategies.

Abstract

An ongoing pertussis epidemic in Okinawa has resulted in 227 reported cases since November 2024. Between December 2024 and February 2025, clinical specimens were collected from 31 cases. We isolated 18 macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) strains, all harboring the A2047G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene, confirmed by real-time PCR. Genomic analysis was performed on two MRBP isolated in November 2024 and the 18 MRBP from the current survey. All MRBP in Okinawa formed genetically related clusters with the ptxP3 allele in China (P745) and France (FR7302). However, MRBP strains from Okinawa were divided into three clusters, each with at least eight SNPs between them, and distinct from P745 and FR7302, suggesting the multi-source dissemination of ptxP3 MRBP in Okinawa.

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