The present study examines the economic conditions and challenges faced by traditional fishermen inhabiting the Ganga–Gomati river basin. Fishing remains a primary source of livelihood for these communities, yet their socio-economic well-being is under persistent threat due to multiple environmental, institutional, and market-related factors. The study highlights pressing issues such as declining fish resources caused by overfishing, habitat degradation, and water pollution, which directly affect fishermen’s income and food security. Market exploitation by intermediaries, lack of access to modern infrastructure, inadequate financial support, and bureaucratic hurdles further aggravate their vulnerability. Climate change-induced floods, droughts, and shifting river ecology have disrupted traditional fishing cycles and livelihoods. In addition, technological displacement by mechanized boats and the erosion of cultural traditions are weakening community resilience. The study emphasizes that strengthening market linkages, promoting sustainable fishing practices, improving access to credit and government schemes, and supporting livelihood diversification are essential to enhance economic resilience. Collaborative interventions from government bodies, NGOs, and local institutions are crucial for securing both the livelihoods and cultural identity of fishing communities in the Ganga–Gomati rivers.
H. P. Yadav (Wed,) studied this question.