Integrating singing and pop-up book media in Nahwu instruction: Effects on students' Al-kalimah comprehension

Background: This study stems from the limited understanding of the al-Kalimah concept, which divides Arabic words into ism (noun), fi‘l (verb), and harf (particle) as the basis of Nahwu (Arabic grammar). It also highlights the need for innovative teaching methods that suit pesantren students' learning styles and keep pace with modern educational developments. Aims: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the singing method combined with Pop-Up Book media in improving students' comprehension of the al-Kalimah concept in Nahwu, as well as to explore students' responses and levels of engagement during the learning process. Methods: This study employed a mixed-method approach using an Embedded Design, with quantitative data as the primary source and qualitative data as supplementary. Fifty Grade VII students at Ummul Ayman Islamic Boarding School were divided into an experimental class taught using the singing method with Pop-Up Book media and a control class taught using conventional methods. Data collection involved pre-test and post-test multiple-choice assessments to measure grammar comprehension, as well as post-instruction interviews to capture student perceptions. Quantitative data were analysed using N-Gain and paired sample t-tests, while qualitative data were coded thematically to support interpretation. Results: The results showed an increase in the control group's average score from 37.2 to 58.2, while the experimental group improved from 37.4 to 73.2. The N-Gain analysis confirmed a higher improvement in the experimental group. Additionally, qualitative data from observation and interviews indicated positive responses from students, particularly in terms of attention, engagement, and self-confidence. Implications: The results suggest that integrating the singing method with Pop-Up Book media is effective in enhancing students' understanding of Nahwu, particularly the al-Kalimah concept. This approach can serve as an alternative instructional method suitable for Islamic educational contexts.