Abstract Uniform magnetic fields are widely used in applications such as atomic magnetometers and aerospace. Among the techniques for generating such fields, the Helmholtz coil is widely adopted. However, conventional Helmholtz coils have difficulty generating magnetic fields with sufficiently high uniformity in a limited space. To address this limitation, we proposed an optimization scheme for a composite four-coil system. The magnetic field strength is calculated based on three-dimensional spatial vector representations and then optimized using an improved Young's double-slit experiment algorithm (IYDSE), which enhances both the field uniformity and the efficiency of parameter acquisition. The classical Young's double-slit experiment algorithm (YDSE) was improved by introducing a third slit and adjusting the convergence mechanism.Simulation results of the optimized four-coil system show that the uniform magnetic field region can occupy up to 46.8854% of the total volume when the deviation rate is below 0.5%, representing a significant improvement compared with the traditional Helmholtz coil. Finite element simulations are conducted to verify the optimization results and to analyze how the number and spacing of coils affect the magnetic field uniformity. The results demonstrate that the improved four-coil structure significantly increases the proportion of the uniform magnetic field region, offering an approach for designing magnetic field sources with enhanced uniformity in practical applications.
Zhu et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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