This study presents the simulation of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system that is made for use in rural areas and off-grid applications. The system contains a 174 W PV panel, a DC-DC boost converter, a DC motor, and a centrifugal pump. To optimize energy extraction, three maximum power point techniques (MPPT), Perturb and Observe (P&O), incremental conductance (INC), and a Hybrid P&O–INC algorithm, were implemented and evaluated. Unlike most prior studies focusing on large-scale systems, this work targets low-power configurations with load dynamics specific to motor–pump assemblies. The hybrid algorithm is finely tuned using conservative step sizes and adaptive switching thresholds. Simulation results under varying irradiance levels show that the hybrid MPPT achieves the best trade-off, combining high tracking efficiency with reduced power ripple, particularly under challenging low-irradiance conditions. Moreover, the approach offers a favorable balance between performance and implementation cost, positioning it as a viable and scalable solution for sustainable water supply in remote communities.
Ouissaaden et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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