Farmers Perceptions and Barriers to Organic Farming Adoption: Evidence from Himachal Pradesh

This study examines farmers’ perceptions and the adoption of organic farming in Himachal Pradesh, focusing on factors influencing the shift from inorganic to organic practices. Data were collected from 400 farmers across Kangra and Mandi districts using a structured questionnaire. Statistical tools, including t tests and χ2 tests, were used to analyse socio-economic differences, cost structures, benefit–cost ratios and perception-related factors such as input availability, training, marketing constraints and profitability. Findings reveal that organic farmers are younger, more educated and better trained than inorganic farmers. While inorganic farming offers higher yields in crops such as wheat and paddy, organic farming demonstrates lower input costs and better profitability for crops such as maize and peas. Differences in perception significantly affect adoption decisions. The study emphasises the importance of policy support in farmer training, input accessibility and market infrastructure. These measures can enhance the adoption of organic practices, contributing to sustainable agriculture in hilly regions.