Abstract Subcutaneous emphysema is a rare condition with an incidence of 0.43% to 2.34%, often resulting from alveolar rupture that allows air to escape into the pleural spaces, the mediastinum, and eventually into the subcutaneous tissues. Although usually benign, it may signal life-threatening conditions such as pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Such a case was seen in a 50-year-old Indian male who was involved in a road traffic accident, he developed respiratory distress, and was transferred to a tertiary care center, where he was declared dead on arrival. External examination revealed extensive subcutaneous emphysema, which is not a life threatening condition. However, autopsy revealed rib fractures, a collapsed left lung, and a torn parietal pleura. Histopathological findings included left lung atelectasis and right lung emphysematous changes. These findings suggested the development of tension pneumothorax, which externally manifested as subcutaneous emphysema. This case emphasizes the importance of early recognition of signs of internal thoracic injury and potential underlying complications through apparently benign conditions like subcutaneous emphysema. Timely intervention is essential in such trauma cases to prevent fatal outcomes. Further research is needed to develop proper management guidelines.
Momin et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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