Scientific Approaches to Defining the Essence and Content of Human Potential of Enterprises

In the current conditions of transformational changes in the country, large-scale population migration, digitalization, and the relocation of enterprises to safer regions, the issue of forming, preserving, and assessing the human potential of enterprises has taken on critical importance. Its condition determines the resilience and adaptability of enterprises to external challenges, creating opportunities for their recovery and further development in the present and future periods. In this regard, there is an urgent need to analyze scientific approaches to defining the essence of the concept of «human potential», its structure, and its functional role in the system of socioeconomic relations of enterprises and the economy. The aim of the article is to summarize and systematize scientific approaches to determining the essence and content of the human potential of enterprises to address the tasks of wartime and post-wartime economic recovery. The article proposes a structurally generalizing model of human potential in enterprises as a component of strategic potential, which is based on a three-component approach to its filling: resource, reserve components, and the component of opportunities. Each of the components is formalized in the model solution: resource - through quantitative and qualitative labor characteristics; reserve - through the potentials of internal development of staff (qualitative, psycho-intellectual, adaptive); the component of opportunities – through strategic opportunities (innovative, technological, and international capabilities). This structuring provides an integrated assessment of both current and future capabilities of enterprises, allowing the identification of vulnerable staff nodes, the formation of scenarios to minimize losses of human potential, and the development of adaptive management solutions.