Social Cohesion and Governance in Nigeria’s Conflict Zones: A Critical Appraisal

This study critically examines the dynamics of social cohesion and governance in Nigeria’s conflict-affected regions between 2015 and 2024, focusing particularly on the interplay between peacebuilding interventions and institutional effectiveness. Drawing on secondary data from peer-reviewed journals, government reports, and international development agencies, the study explores four thematic areas: community dialogue and trust-building, reintegration of former combatants, youth and women inclusion in peace processes, and institutional capacity for sustaining peace. Findings reveal that while over 320 community dialogue sessions in Plateau State have fostered localized peace, such efforts remain fragmented without institutional support. Reintegration programs, including Operation Safe Corridor which processed over 12,000 excombatants, face persistent legitimacy challenges due to limited community involvement and weak monitoring mechanisms. Although 90+ women-led peace groups have emerged in Southern Kaduna, youth participation remains minimal, with only 7% engagement in formal peacebuilding platforms. Additionally, fewer than 25% of Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Borno State possess functional peace structures, highlighting critical institutional deficits. The study concludes that sustainable peace in Nigeria's conflict zones requires the alignment of inclusive grassroots peacebuilding with strengthened governance systems. Recommendations emphasize the institutionalization of dialogue platforms, enhanced reintegration policies, gender and youth inclusion, and increased local government capacity. This work contributes to the scholarship on post-conflict recovery and highlights the imperative for governance models that are participatory, decentralized, and context-sensitive.